Part A: In menstruation, the functional layer is shed from the endometrium. Exp

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Part A:
In menstruation, the functional layer is shed from the endometrium. Explain the hormonal and physical factors responsible for this shedding.
Part B:
Fertilization involves much more than a mere restoration of the diploid chromosome number.
What does the process of fertilization entail on the part of both the egg and sperm?
What are the effects of fertilization?