What are the key characteristics of a hypothesis test? A random sample of

 
What are the key characteristics of a hypothesis test?
A random sample of 300 electronic components manufactured by a certain process are tested, and 25 are found to be defective. Let p represent the population proportion of components manufactured by this process that are defective. The process engineer claims that p < 0.05. Explain if a two-sided or one-sided hypothesis test would be appropriate. What is meant by the phrase “statistically significant?”